by Curtis Bunn
Urban News Service
Amber, a balloon artist and graduate of the Network For Teaching Entrepreneurship. Photo courtesy of Urban News Service.
“My ethnicity has been empowering and encouraging for my community,” she says. “I am the first African-American balloon artist that most children in the region have seen, especially inner-city African- American children. Oftentimes, people will book me because of my color and age. Sometimes, I am even hired to be a motivational speaker to children and women’s groups.”
Amber and the hundreds of her fellow Network For Teaching Entrepreneurship (NFTE) graduates are relatively rare across America. Few inner-city residents — youths or adults — own businesses. There are two million black-owned businesses in the U.S., according to the Census Bureau. But there are more than 28 million businesses in America, by the Small Business Administration’s count. These numbers crystallize the imbalance that NFTE labors to correct.
For all of NFTE’s commendable work, prospective black business owners still confront obstacles. Some are embedded practices, such as difficulty in securing financing, enduring higher-than-normal interest rates on loans, and contending with limited access to financial- networking forums. Other challenges are societal, such as a lack of family wealth and a paucity of proper training on company management.
A 2010 report by the U.S. Commerce Department’s Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) found: Among firms with gross receipts over $500,000, 52 percent of non-minority-owned firms received loans, compared to just 41 percent of minority-owned companies, the Survey of Small Business Finances indicates. Minority-owned firms paid an average of 7.8 percent interest on commercial loans, versus 6.4 percent for non-minority-owned firms. Among firms with gross receipts under $500,000, minority- owned firms paid an average of 9.1 percent interest. Non-minority- owned firms paid 6.9 percent.
Average new equity investments in minority-owned firms equal just 43 percent of similar capital infusions into non-minority- owned firms.
Wise people debate whether these disparities are due to ethnic bias, higher financial risks among minority borrowers, both, something else, or all of the above. Regardless, NFTE has spent 26 years trying to narrow these gaps.
“Everyone at NFTE feels great about the deep impact our programs have had, especially on minority students from underserved areas,” says Derek Newton, NFTE’s communications director. “We don’t focus on business creation. It’s actually about teaching a way of thinking, a mindset, and problem-solving that make them better employees and leaders in the community. People who are raised in communities short on resources learn to adapt, and incorporate sales skills and basic survival skills transferable to starting businesses.”
NFTE’s results have been inspiring. James McNeal was not thrilled about enrolling in the program in 1989 when his father, a west Philadelphia teacher, first suggested it. McNeal was 16 back then.
“I didn’t want to go,” he remembers. “But my father insisted. So I went. . . The rest is history.”
Armed with his NFTE knowledge, “Jimmy Mac,” as he is called, created Bulldog Bikes — one of the few black-owned businesses in the extreme-sports industry.
“It was an amazing group of like-minded young people who had an interest in being entrepreneurs,” says McNeal, now 43. “It was like a huge think tank where you learned the nuts and bolts of creating a business. It was like the body to my head.”
But starting a small business as a black man came with race-based challenges, McNeal recalls. “Oh, it was out there — and it still is. It’s still a challenge. You need money, funding, and that can be a challenge because banks or venture capital firms wouldn’t trust you simply because of your race.
“The industry I’m in is all-white. So, I went through all kinds of things. [They] didn’t want to do business with you or give you all the media that you needed. They think you have an inferior product, or that you’re too ‘urban,’ and don’t want to be associated with you. So, the racial roadblocks are real. . . I went through a lot of stuff.”
That “stuff,” he said, has been more challenging since 2009, when the U.S. economy took a severe downturn.
“So, NFTE sets you up to succeed,” McNeal says. “You could have any idea and [they made it] all [seem] possible. But you still have to go out there. And when you’re out there, you feel the challenges because you’re a minority. You have to get funding and have the right contacts, which was something, as an African- American, I just didn’t have because we don’t run the banks or the venture capital firms.
“That part of it is tough,” McNeal adds. “There is wealth in our community. But finding it is like finding a needle in a haystack when it comes to getting the right funding.”
Carolyn Brown, Black Enterprise magazine’s, small business senior editor, believes the tough times could get better sooner rather than later. Major corporations including American Express, Coca-Cola, Goldman Sachs, and Google are offering or developing programs designed to help minority businesses grow.
“The challenges for emerging African-American business owners continue to be access to capital, finding resources,” Brown says. “Generational wealth is not something we have been able to attain and pass on to help start businesses. And nine out of 10 times, we have to find the capital to start businesses.
“Also, less than 1 percent of venture capital money is going to startups of emerging companies by blacks. And we’re not getting a steady bankroll, as are our white counterparts.” Angela Ivana concurs.
“I know it sounds corny, but NFTE changed my life by helping me understand what business was and that I could open one doing something I love,” says the fashion makeup artist from Boston and 2003 NFTE graduate. “There is zero chance I would be here if I hadn’t been in the program.”
But 12 years after NFTE, Ivana says, “I see where race plays a role in the challenges we face.”
Starting a service business, like makeup artistry, shielded Ivana from the obstacles that she would have faced had she tried to create a brick-and-mortar entity. But Ivana recently applied for a patent on an invention called Fresh Made that “cleans, compresses, and dries” the face in less than a minute, as she describes it. The challenges immediately rushed to the forefront.
“The obstacles are there,” says Ivana, 28. “I hadn’t dealt with them before, but now the need for capital became real. But one of the things I learned was when you have a scalable business model, you have to ask for what you want. I had found it difficult to approach the people who could invest resources into my new startup business. I had to get past that, and it has benefited me.”
Many NFTE graduates have benefited from its cutting-edge teaching techniques. Virtually all of them stay connected with an organization that set them on their individual paths to success. “When I think of where I am and where I’m going,” Tim Perez says, “I think back to NFTE. I call it my roots. I think we all do.”